Maghrebi

The Maghrebi group gathers the Muslim peoples of northwest Africa: Amazigh peoples such as the Zenata, Sanhaja, Masmuda, Kabyles and Tuareg, the Arabic-speaking Moroccans, Algerians, Tunisians and Libyans, and the Andalusi refugees from Iberia. Europeans called the region's Muslims and Jews Moors.

The Almohad empire had broken into three states, and in 1337 the Marinids of Fez took Tlemcen from the Zayyanids, while the Hafsids held Tunis. Ibn Khaldun, born in Tunis in 1332, wrote his history of these dynasties. The Ottomans took Algiers in 1516 and Tunis in 1574, while the Saadi dynasty of Morocco defeated Portugal at Alcácer Quibir in 1578. The Alaouites took Morocco in 1666.