Iberian

The Iberian group gathers the peoples of the Iberian Peninsula: Castilians, Portuguese, Asturleonese, Catalans, Aragonese, Galicians and Basques, together with the Andalusi Muslims and the Sephardi Jews. The Muslim conquest of 711 ended Visigothic rule, and Christian kingdoms in the north began the Reconquista.

In 1337 only Granada remained Muslim. Castile and Aragon were united by the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs, who took Granada in 1492 and expelled the Jews the same year. Portugal sent ships round Africa; Castile sent Columbus west. The crowns were joined from 1580 under Philip II until Portugal broke away in 1640, and the Bourbons inherited Spain after the War of the Spanish Succession.