Hibernian

The Hibernian group takes its name from Hibernia, the Roman name for Ireland: the Gaelic Irish and the Anglo-Irish descended from English settlers. After the Anglo-Norman invasion of 1169 the English Crown claimed a Lordship of Ireland, and Norman families settled the east and south.

After the Black Death Gaelic lords had regained ground, and the Statutes of Kilkenny in 1366 tried to stop English settlers from adopting Irish customs. Henry VIII made Ireland a kingdom in 1541. After the Nine Years' War ended in defeat, the Gaelic earls left in 1607 and Ulster was settled with Protestants. Cromwell's army reconquered the island in 1649–1653, and William III's victory at the Boyne in 1690 secured Protestant rule.