Caddoan

The Caddo, whose relatives include the Wichita and Pawnee, lived in what is now northeast Texas, western Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. They were farmers, and in the Piney Woods they were struck by the Great Drought of 1276–1299.

From about 800 to 1400 their ancestors, the Caddoan Mississippian culture, raised large platform mounds that served as temples and elite residences. The Spiro Mounds on the Arkansas River, among the grandest in the United States, were built by Mississippian ancestors of the Caddo and Wichita.