Daur

The Daurs are a Mongolic people of the upper Amur, the region called Dauria after them, with lands along the Shilka and Zeya south of the Outer Khingan; tradition and genetics link them to the Khitans, and their language keeps Khitan-derived words.

In the early 1600s they were settled farmers in walled towns, organized in hala surname groups divided into mokon clans, already tributary to the Manchu, who crushed Bombogor's Evenk–Daur federation in 1640.

When Russian Cossacks under Khabarov reached the Zeya in 1650 for fur tribute, the Daurs refused, already paying tribute to the Shunzhi Emperor; Khabarov's men stormed Prince Guigudar's town in 1651 and seized Yaxa, later Russian Fort Albazin. Between 1654 and 1656 the Qing resettled them on the Nen River around Qiqihar and enrolled them in the banners, many writing Manchu, and retook Albazin only in the 1680s.