Sa'ktcihuma

Sa'ktcihuma, rendered Chakchiuma by chroniclers, means red crawfish in Western Muskogean, after their crawfish totem. Late-seventeenth-century French explorers called them a Chicacha nation, sharing Chickasaw and Choctaw origins, in the upper Yazoo country of present-day Mississippi, where Bienville counted four hundred families in 1702.

Earlier, De Soto, wintering among the Chickasaw, had sent a detachment against them. In 1700 Carolina slave traders prompted a Quapaw raid to seize them for sale, but the attack failed.

They fought for the French in the Yazoo War, but chronic warfare cut them to sixty families by 1735, and around 1739 the enraged Chickasaw and Choctaw destroyed their villages, killing warriors and even the village animals. Survivors joined the two neighboring nations: those with the Choctaw formed their own Crawfish clan, and a trader in 1757 found others settled in Chickasaw towns.