Xochiapan
Xochiapan was centred on Xochiapa, a Nahuatl name meaning place of flowers, a Zapotec town in the hot Papaloapan lowlands of southern Veracruz. In prehispanic times it was a subject town of the neighbouring state of Guaspaltepec, possibly within the Aztec tributary sphere, until Sandoval's campaigns of the early 1520s brought the basin under Spanish rule.