Two Sicilies

The Two Sicilies united Sicily and southern mainland Italy under the Bourbons, with its capital at Naples. In 1337 the island and mainland were separate kingdoms, both claiming the Sicilian royal title after the Sicilian Vespers of 1282.

Alfonso V united the crowns in 1442, but they separated on his death in 1458. Ferdinand lost Naples to France in 1806 and regained it in 1815. He merged the kingdoms in 1816 as Ferdinand I. After the revolution of 1820, Austrian troops restored his authority, and he suppressed the liberals and Carbonari.