Teutila
Teutila was a Popoloca-speaking polity in the lower Papaloapan valley, in present-day northern Oaxaca. It ruled the neighbouring towns of Ixcatlan and Oxitlan, and its people farmed the hills.
From 1456 Mexica armies campaigned through the region, installing garrisons and tribute collectors and drawing its lands into the Aztec tribute system. In 1521 Hernan Cortes’s captain Juan Márquez entered Ixcatlan; encomiendas followed, and a colonial tribute system was established there in 1546.