Tiánzhōu

Tianzhou was a Zhuang native chieftaincy in the Youjiang basin of western Guangxi. Under the Yuan it was Tianzhou Route; the hereditary Cen clan governed the territory.

A succession dispute in 1499 led to war with the Cen of Si'en. In 1526 Ming troops attacked Cen Meng, who poisoned himself after his father-in-law betrayed him; Tianzhou became a native department in 1528. His widow Wa Shi led troops against coastal wokou in 1554, fighting at Wangjiangjing the next year. The Cen chief Cen Yidong founded Huacheng Academy in 1755 and killed himself during the Vietnam campaign in 1789.