Caxcan

The Caxcan kingdom centred on Tlaltenango lay in the southern valleys of Zacatecas. Its queen, or cihuatzin, oversaw law and diplomacy, while the tlatoani commanded the army under her authority.

Neighbouring Xochipillan raided Tlaltenango. At the end of 1530 Nuño de Guzmán's armies stormed the valley and incorporated it into Nueva Galicia. After the Mixtón War failed in 1541, the Caxcan population collapsed, and the Spaniards built a new Tlaltenango on the ruins of the old town.