Singapura

Singapura was a Malay Hindu-Buddhist kingdom on Temasek at the tip of the Malay Peninsula. According to the Malay Annals, Sang Nila Utama founded its hilltop capital in 1299; its port lay on the Strait of Malacca trade route.

From 1350 Majapahit demanded submission. In 1398 a Javanese fleet sacked the fort after a courtier betrayed its gates. The last ruler, Parameswara, fled to the peninsula and founded the Malacca Sultanate around 1400.