Sindh

In 1337 Sindh was the lower Indus domain of the Muslim Soomra dynasty, with a stronghold at Umarkot. Some of its rulers followed Isma’ili Islam, and the Soomras had recovered Umarkot from the Sodha Rajputs in 1330.

The Samma overthrew the Soomras soon after 1335; the last ruler fled to Delhi’s Muhammad bin Tughluq, who died in Sindh in 1351 while attempting his restoration. In 1542 the fugitive Mughal Humayun found refuge at Umarkot, where Akbar was born. The Mughals annexed lower Sindh between 1591 and 1593; the Kalhoras followed in 1701 and the Talpurs in 1783.