Sanmalan

Sanmalan was a precolonial polity on the Zamboanga peninsula of Mindanao, on ancestral Subanon lands. Its centre was probably near Zamboanga; it later came under the protection of the Sultanate of Sulu.

In 1569 Spain chose La Caldera for a settlement and garrison, and placed the former polity under its protection. Spanish soldiers began building a fort at Zamboanga in 1635. They withdrew in 1662 after Koxinga threatened the Philippines, but returned in 1718.