Siena

The Republic of Siena was a city-state in southern Tuscany, enriched by banking and wool. In 1337 the Nine governed Siena, a Ghibelline rival of Florence.

The Black Death shattered its economy in 1348, and the Nine fell in 1355. After decades of strife, Pandolfo Petrucci became signore. The restored republic fought Florence but surrendered on 21 April 1555, passing into the Medici Duchy of Florence.