Saxony

Saxony was an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, with its later capital at Dresden. In 1423 Emperor Sigismund granted the Saxon electorate to Frederick of Meissen, joining its title to the Wettin lands.

The Treaty of Leipzig divided those lands in 1485: Ernest retained the electoral title and Wittenberg, while his brother Albert took Meissen and ruled from Dresden. After the Schmalkaldic War, Albert's descendant Maurice gained Wittenberg and the electorate in 1547. The electorate became a kingdom in 1806.