Sardinia

Sardinia was an island kingdom with its capital at Cagliari. In 1297 Pope Boniface VIII granted Sardinia and Corsica to James II of Aragon; his successors began conquering Sardinia in 1324. In 1337 Aragon and local rulers shared the island.

Arborea went to war against Aragon in 1353; in 1420 the last rival claim was purchased, and Sardinia later became part of the Spanish monarchy. The island passed to Victor Amadeus II of Savoy in 1720. Napoleon occupied his dynasty’s mainland possessions, but the Congress of Vienna restored them and added Liguria in 1815.