Perugia

Perugia was a Guelph commune on an Umbrian ridge. By the eleventh century it governed its own affairs, and it resisted papal authority.

Perugia fought Pope Urban V in 1369, accepted his legate the next year and expelled him in 1375. The Baglioni held the city from 1438, until family feuds erupted in the Red Wedding of 1500. In 1540 Pope Paul III's troops sacked Perugia and built the Rocca Paolina; it remained in the Papal States until French troops arrived in 1797.