Orkney
Orkney was a Norwegian earldom in the Northern Isles, including Orkney and Shetland. In 1337 its earl was Malise, a Gaelic lord ruling islands with a Norse heritage.
The Sinclairs took the earldom in 1379. In 1468 Christian I of Norway pledged the islands as security for his daughter's dowry to the Scottish king James III. The money remained unpaid, and Scotland annexed Orkney in 1472, ending centuries of Norwegian rule.