Oreshek

Oreshek was a Novgorod border lordship centered on a fortress on an island at the Neva's outlet from Lake Ladoga. In 1337 the Neva forts were held by the Lithuanian Gediminid family, entrusted with the marches by Novgorod in 1333.

During his crusade in 1348, King Magnus IV of Sweden stormed Oreshek. Novgorod retook it in 1351, and Archbishop Vasily Kalika rebuilt the fortress in stone the following year. After Moscow absorbed Novgorod in 1478, it rebuilt Oreshek as a seven-towered fortress.