Mataram

Mataram was a Javanese sultanate with an early capital at Kotagede. It arose in central Java, initially under the authority of Pajang.

Around 1584 Sutawijaya, son of a Pajang vassal, took power and began to break away. Sultan Agung captured Surabaya in 1625 but failed to take Dutch Batavia in 1629. In 1677 Madurese rebels took the court and King Amangkurat I fled; his son Amangkurat II sought Dutch East India Company help. Succession wars weakened Mataram, which the 1755 agreement at Giyanti divided between Yogyakarta and Surakarta.