Ma'bar

Ma'bar was a sultanate centred on Madurai on the Tamil coast. Delhi's governor Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan declared independence in 1335; in 1337 Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq marched against him but fell ill at Bidar and turned back.

In 1343 Sultan Ghiyasuddin Damghani captured and killed Hoysala king Veera Ballala III. Ibn Battuta, who married the founding sultan's daughter, described the sultanate's brutal wars with Hindus. Coups brought eight rulers in forty-three years; in 1378 Vijayanagara prince Kumara Kampana killed the last sultan and annexed Madurai, later ruled by the Nayakas.