Lijiang

Lijiang was a Naxi chiefdom in north-western Yunnan, enriched by the tea-and-horse roads. In 1337 its ruling family held office under the Yuan, following its submission to Khubilai in 1253.

In 1382 the Ming emperor gave the submitting chief Ajia Ade the name Mu De, founding the Mu dynasty. Mu armies expanded into neighbouring lands; under Mu Zeng they invaded Chakla, and in 1639 he hosted the traveller Xu Xiake. After Mu Yi refused Wu Sangui's 1673 rebellion and was imprisoned, the Qing replaced the chiefdom with magistrates in 1723.