Khamag

Khamag Mongol was a tribal confederation around the Onon, Kherlen and Tuul rivers. It fragmented after Yesugei's death in 1171; his son Temujin united Mongolia in 1206 as Genghis Khan. In 1337 the Borjigin Toghon Temür ruled the Yuan dynasty.

The Red Turban Rebellion began in 1351. In 1368 Ming armies took Dadu, and Toghon Temür withdrew to the steppe, where his house continued as the Northern Yuan. In the late 15th century, Dayan Khan and Mandukhai Khatun reunited most Mongol tribes. Ligdan Khan died in 1634; his son Ejei surrendered to the Later Jin in 1635, ending the dynasty.