Kazakh

The Kazakh Khanate was a nomadic state of the Central Asian steppe, founded amid the fragmentation of the Golden Horde.

Founded around 1465, the khanate expanded under Kasym Khan in the sixteenth century. After Tauke Khan died in the early eighteenth century, the three zhuzes became effectively separate khanates. Ablai Khan fought the Dzungars and sought unity while balancing Russia and Qing China. After his death in 1781 the khanate fractured again; Russian statutes abolished the khanate within the empire in 1822–1824.