Jarwanids

The Jarwanids were an Arab dynasty of the Bani Malik in eastern Arabia, ruling al-Qatif and the al-Ahsa oasis. Their rise was placed in the fourteenth century, when they expelled Sa'eed ibn Mughamis and his Muntafiq tribesmen from the region.

Twelver Shi'ism was openly practised under the Jarwanids: Shi'ite scholars held judgeships and mosques used the Shi'ite call to prayer. In the early fifteenth century Jabrid Bedouins killed the last Jarwanid ruler at Qatif and took the region. The Jabrids dominated the Gulf coast until the Portuguese captured Bahrain in 1521.