Jaffna

Jaffna was a Tamil kingdom on the northern coast of Sri Lanka, ruled in 1337 by Martanda Aryacakravarti of the Aryacakravarti dynasty. It had emerged from Kalinga Magha's invasion and later escaped Pandyan overlordship.

Around 1450 Kotte's Parakramabahu VI sent Prince Sapumal to conquer Jaffna. Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan returned from Madurai with mercenaries and restored independence in 1467. After the Portuguese arrived in 1505, wars followed; Cankili II usurped the throne in 1617 but was defeated in 1619, when Portugal annexed the kingdom.