Iceland

Iceland was a North Atlantic island whose Althing met at Thingvellir. The Old Covenant placed it under Norway in 1262–1264; in 1337 it belonged to the Norwegian crown under Magnus Eriksson.

Iceland entered the Kalmar Union in 1397. In 1550 the execution of Bishop Jón Arason enforced the Lutheran Reformation, and Denmark imposed a trade monopoly in 1602. The Laki eruption of 1783 brought famine; the 1814 Treaty of Kiel left Iceland under Denmark when Norway separated from it.