Hanover

Hanover was a north German state ruled from Hanover by a branch of the House of Welf. In 1337 the later electorate did not yet exist.

In 1692 Emperor Leopold I made Ernest Augustus of Calenberg an elector, a rank approved by the Imperial Diet in 1708. His son George Louis became King George I of Britain in 1714. Napoleon incorporated Hanover into Westphalia in 1807; restored as a kingdom in 1814, it shared a monarch with Britain until 1837, when Victoria and her uncle Ernest Augustus inherited the separate crowns.