Gujarat

The Gujarat Sultanate arose in western India when the Delhi governor Muzaffar Shah I declared independence in 1394. His grandson Ahmad Shah I moved the capital to Ahmedabad in 1411, and Mahmud Begada later expanded the sultanate and built a fleet on the coast of Diu.

Bahadur Shah conquered Malwa in 1531, but the Mughal emperor Humayun occupied Gujarat in 1535. Bahadur regained it in 1536 and was killed by the Portuguese the next year. Akbar annexed the sultanate in 1573; Muzaffar Shah III briefly recovered his throne in 1583 before being defeated.