Gāoluó

Gaoluo was a Tujia tusi in the upper Qing River region of western Hubei, ruled by the Tian family. Under the Yuan it was a pacification commission in the area of present-day Xuan'en.

Ming Yuzhen's Xia regime reduced Gaoluo to a pacification office. The Ming abolished it in 1373 but restored it in 1406 among the chiefdoms around Shizhou. The hereditary office survived into Qing rule, until the Yongzheng reforms replaced native officials with appointed magistrates in 1735; Xuan'en County was established on the old tusi lands in 1736.