Gwynedd

Gwynedd was a Welsh kingdom centred on northwestern Wales, with a royal seat at Aberffraw on Anglesey. Its rulers rose to dominance over other Welsh princes, and Llywelyn the Great proclaimed a principality of Wales at Aberdyfi in 1216.

Edward I of England reduced Gwynedd in 1277 and conquered its remaining territory in 1282–1283. Welsh resistance later revived under Owain Glyndŵr, who claimed the title Prince of Wales in 1400 and held a parliament at Machynlleth in 1404, but English forces retook Anglesey in 1407.