Gazaria

Gazaria was a group of Genoese trading colonies on the Black Sea, governed from Kaffa in Crimea. In 1337 the restored port was under Genoese control after its capture by the Golden Horde in 1308.

The colony's laws were codified in the Liber Gazarie in 1341. During the Mongol siege of Kaffa in 1347, Genoese ships fleeing plague carried the Black Death into the Mediterranean. Genoa transferred Gazaria to the Bank of Saint George in 1453, but the Ottomans captured Kaffa in 1475.