Fuman

Fuman was the centre of Bia-pas, western Gilan, on the lowlands west of the Safid Rud. In 1337 the Sunni Shafi'ite Eshaqvand dynasty ruled from the city, having maintained its autonomy after Öljaitü's campaign of 1306 and 1307.

The dynasty retained its autonomy through the fifteenth century and briefly acknowledged Ottoman suzerainty in 1534 and 1591. Jamshid Soltan moved the capital to Rasht in 1572; in 1592 Shah Abbas I abolished the local dynasties and placed Gilan under Safavid governors.