Carniola

Carniola was a Habsburg territory in the southeastern Holy Roman Empire, centred on Ljubljana. In 1335 Emperor Louis IV granted its march to Duke Albert II of Austria.

Albert's son Rudolf IV assumed the ducal title in 1364 without imperial consent. The 1379 Treaty of Neuberg assigned Carniola to Leopold's Inner Austrian line. Napoleon incorporated it into his Illyrian Provinces in 1809; returned to Austria in 1815, it became the core of the Austrian Kingdom of Illyria.