Badakhshan

Badakhshan was a mountain region on the upper Panj, ruled by hereditary mirs who claimed descent from Alexander. In 1337 local rulers governed a land where Nasir Khusraw had spread Isma'ili Islam.

After the Timurid conquest, Amir Khusrau submitted to Babur in 1504. Mirza Sulaiman later held Badakhshan until 1575, before Bukhara's Abdullah Khan II conquered it in 1584. The Yarid dynasty founded an independent emirate in 1657; its ruler captured and killed the Khoja brothers for the Qing in 1759, before the region entered Ahmad Shah Durrani's Afghan orbit.