Bahmanis

The Bahmani Sultanate arose on India's Deccan plateau in 1347, when Zafar Khan took power during a revolt against the Delhi Sultanate. Its rulers fought the Vijayanagara Empire to the south, and Ahmad Shah I moved the capital to Bidar in the fifteenth century.

The minister Mahmud Gawan expanded the sultanate and founded a madrasa at Bidar in 1472, but was executed in 1481 amid factional conflict. Provincial governors began establishing independent sultanates in 1490; the Bahmani dynasty formally ended in 1527.