Arezzo

Arezzo was a Tuscan city-state whose commune escaped its bishop's control in 1098. Generally aligned with the Ghibellines, it fought Guelph Florence and its allies at Campaldino in 1289, where Bishop Guglielmino degli Ubertini was killed.

The city recovered briefly under the Tarlati family, including Guido Tarlati, bishop from 1312 until his death in 1327. Arezzo passed under Florentine rule in 1384 and later became part of the Medici Grand Duchy of Tuscany.