Andorra

Andorra was a Pyrenean valley polity jointly held by the Bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix under the paréage of 1278. In 1337 the bishop and the count shared its lordship.

Andorrans established the Consell de la Terra in 1419. The Foix title passed through the kings of Navarre; in 1607 an edict of Henry, King of Navarre and France, established the French head of state and the Bishop of Urgell as co-lords. The French Empire absorbed Andorra in 1812 and 1813, then restored its independence by imperial decree in 1814.