Ancona

Ancona was a maritime republic centred on its Adriatic port. It minted the agontano and traded with Ragusa and Byzantium in competition with Venice.

The Malatesta seized the city amid the Black Death in 1348, but were expelled in 1383. In 1532 Pope Clement VII ended the republic's freedom and built a citadel. Ancona remained a Papal fortress, where French troops landed in 1832.