Āníng

Āníng was a Yi tribal polity centred on Ami, in the basin of present-day Kaiyuan in south-eastern Yunnan. After the Mongol conquest, the Aning tribe was organised as a Ten-Thousand-Household.

The early Ming made its territory Ami Department under Lin'an, ruled by hereditary Pu chiefs. In 1631 Pu Mingsheng rose against the Ming and briefly seized neighbouring Mile before his revolt was suppressed. The Southern Ming renamed Ami as Kaiyuan County in 1648; after entering Yunnan in 1659, the Qing restored the name Ami Department.