Rudolf I of Bavaria

Rudolf I Wittelsbach (1274–1319) succeeded his father Louis II in 1294 as Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine and married Mechtild, daughter of King Adolf of Nassau. He supported Adolf at Göllheim in 1298, where the king was killed.

His reign was overshadowed by his brother Louis IV: besieged at Heidelberg in 1301, Rudolf accepted Louis as co-regent. The brothers fought a civil war and made peace at Munich in 1313.

He voted for the Habsburg Frederick the Fair in 1314 and yielded rule to Louis in 1317. The 1329 Treaty of Pavia granted the Palatinate to his sons and established their branch of the dynasty.