Louis II, Duke of Upper Bavaria

Louis II Wittelsbach (1229–1294) ruled Upper Bavaria and the Rhenish Palatinate from the 1255 partition that left Lower Bavaria to his brother Henry XIII. In 1256 he had his wife Maria of Brabant beheaded for suspected adultery and founded Fürstenfeld Abbey in expiation.

During the Interregnum he backed the Hohenstaufen Conradin: excommunicated in 1266, he escorted him as far as Verona in 1267 and inherited Swabian lands after Conradin's execution in 1268.

He helped elect Rudolf of Habsburg in 1273 and fought beside him when Ottokar was defeated and killed at Dürnkrut in 1278. He died at Heidelberg in 1294.