George Bruce of Carnock

Sir George Bruce of Carnock (c. 1550–1625) was a Scottish merchant and mining engineer at Culross in Fife. He built Culross Palace and pioneered undersea coal mining at the Moat Pit, tunnelling under the Firth of Forth to the unheard-of depth of 40 fathoms, with drainage by a horse-driven chain of buckets. James VI visited in 1617 and emerged through a stone tower a quarter-mile offshore.

Bruce also ran salt pans exporting to England and Germany. The Moat Pit was flooded in March 1625, weeks before his death that May.