Hugo Grotius
Hugo Grotius (1583–1645), born at Delft, was a Dutch humanist and jurist, a Leiden-trained prodigy. In 1609 he published Mare Liberum (The Free Sea), arguing the sea belonged to no state and was open to all trade, against Portuguese monopoly.
Amid religious disputes in the Dutch Republic, he was seized in 1618 and jailed for life in Loevestein Castle, but escaped in 1621 hidden in a book chest and fled to Paris.
There in 1625 he issued De Jure Belli ac Pacis, a foundation of modern international law. Later Swedish ambassador in France, he died at Rostock in 1645.