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Francisco Javier de Balmis

Francisco Javier de Balmis (1753–1819) was a Spanish physician born at Alicante. He trained as a military surgeon and served in New Spain, where he studied Mexican plants. As physician to Charles IV he persuaded the crown to back a vaccination mission.

In 1803 the Royal Philanthropic Expedition sailed carrying the smallpox vaccine to Spanish America, using orphan boys as live carriers. Balmis carried it through Venezuela, Cuba and New Spain and on to the Philippines and China, in history's first international vaccination campaign. He died in Madrid.

References

  1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Javier_de_Balmis
  2. es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Balmis