Sancho II of Portugal

Sancho II (1207–1248), nicknamed the Cowled, was born in Coimbra, the eldest son of Afonso II of Portugal and Urraca of Castile. He succeeded his father as king in 1223 amid a quarrel with the papacy over his father's excommunication, but largely ignored a ten-article treaty he signed with the Pope.

From 1236 he led Reconquista campaigns into the Alentejo and Algarve, taking several Muslim-held cities. His later reign was torn by civil war and Church opposition; in 1247 a Castilian intervention forced him into exile at Toledo, where he died in 1248. His brother Afonso III succeeded him.