Afonso II of Portugal

Afonso II (1185–1223), called the Fat, was third king of Portugal and eldest surviving son of Sancho I and Dulce of Aragon, succeeding in 1211. He opened his reign by exiling rebellious siblings. He kept peace with Castile while his nobles took Alcácer do Sal from the Moors.

He built up royal administration and issued Portugal's first written laws. He opened trade with northern Europe and in 1220 began the inquirições to recover crown land. His curbs on Church wealth led Pope Honorius III to excommunicate him. He died at Coimbra in 1223; his sons Sancho II and Afonso III later became kings.