Pope Callixtus II

Guy of Burgundy, son of Count William I of Burgundy, became archbishop of Vienne in 1088 and led French resistance to Emperor Henry V over lay investiture; his 1112 council at Vienne condemned the practice and excommunicated Henry.

Elected pope at Cluny in 1119 as Callixtus II, he issued the bull Sicut Judaeis in 1120, protecting the Jews from forced conversion and violence.

His chief achievement was ending the Investiture Controversy through the Concordat of Worms in 1122, confirmed at the First Lateran Council in 1123. He died in Rome on 13 December 1124.