Rudolf II, Count Palatine of the Rhine

Rudolf II, called the Blind (1306–1353), was Count Palatine of the Rhine. Born at Wolfratshausen to Rudolf I of Wittelsbach and Mechthild of Nassau, he grew up in a family war: after his father's death in 1319, his uncle Emperor Louis IV seized the Palatinate, and the fighting ended only in 1322.

Rudolf and his brother Ruprecht I reconciled with Louis after their mother's death in 1323, and by the Treaty of Pavia in 1329 took over the Palatinate, while Louis and his sons kept Upper Bavaria; Rudolf received Neustadt in the 1338 partition.

In 1349 the brothers backed Günther von Schwarzburg as anti-king, yet Rudolf married his daughter Anna to Charles IV, whom the Wittelsbachs recognized the next year. Illness led him to leave most government to his brother, and he died at Neustadt in 1353, blind in his last year.